This is a skin condition in which the skin reacts to exposure to the sun by turning darker in color. It's most common in people of color, but anyone with HIV is susceptible to photodermatitis. If you're taking medications to improve immune strength, you may have this reaction as a side effect. Protecting the skin from the sun is usually the strategy used to reduce photodermatitis.
This skin condition involves outbreaks of itchy, crusted lumps on the skin. The itching can be intense and severe. Antiretroviral drugs can help prevent and manage some of these types of skin conditions. Other skin conditions may be triggered by the treatment and require other treatments. Talk with your doctor about the best therapy for your particular skin condition. Molluscum contagiosum This is a highly contagious viral skin infection that may be passed from person to person through skin-to-skin contact, by sharing linens, or by simply touching the same objects.
Kaposi sarcoma This is a type of cancer that starts in the cells that line the lymph or blood vessels. During this time, the virus continues to be active and causes progressive damage to your immune system. This process can vary from person to person, but may take up to 10 years, during which you'll feel and appear well.
You should still take an HIV test if you may have been at risk at any time in the past, even if you do not experience any symptoms. Herpes lesions may be one of the earliest signs of an undiagnosed HIV infection. Treatment for herpes simplex lesions is usually the same whether a person has HIV or not. Treatment usually includes acyclovir or other acyclovir-related drugs. Human papillomavirus HPV can cause warts, or small, fleshy skin-colored bumps. HPV lesions tend to go away without treatment.
In people with HIV and a very low CD4 count, the condition can become more severe, take longer to go away, and is more likely to recur. Many younger individuals are receiving HPV vaccines, so fewer people may have HPV-related skin complications in the future.
It may involve liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, which freezes warts. Effective antiretroviral therapy can reduce the risk of developing HPV-related cancers. Kaposi sarcoma is a type of cancer that causes skin lesions that may appear red, brown, or purple.
The lesions usually appear as patches or nodules. Other treatment may involve local therapy, which treats individual skin lesions. This may include surgery, liquid nitrogen to freeze the lesions, or topical retinoid treatment. Additional therapy to treat multiple lesions or Kaposi sarcoma that has affected other organs may include chemotherapy , radiation therapy , or immunotherapy. Molluscum contagiosum is characterized by smooth, flesh-colored or pink bumps on the skin.
A virus causes this infection, which is transmitted between people. Anyone can get molluscum contagiosum, but it may be more severe in a person with HIV.
In this population, the bumps may be large and grow across large areas of skin. The American Academy of Dermatology says that antiretroviral therapy is the treatment of choice for people with HIV and molluscum contagiosum. Other treatments may include topical medicine, freezing the bumps, or laser removal. Depending on the number of bumps, the person may need more than one treatment. Prurigo nodularis is a very itchy skin disease of unknown cause that results in crusty, hard lesions on the skin.
Although prurigo nodularis can occur in anyone, it is much more common in people with a weakened immune system. When scratched, the sores can become painful and inflamed. The rash can develop because of conditions caused by HIV, or it can be a side effect of medications that treat HIV, called antiretroviral drugs. The U. Department of Health and Human Services reports that three main classes of antiretroviral drugs are responsible for causing skin rashes:.
The most likely PIs to cause rashes are amprenavir Agenerase and tipranavir Aptivus. A main symptom of the rash is itchiness.
It can show up on any part of the body, but it most often occurs on the face and chest, and sometimes on the feet and hands. It can also cause mouth ulcers. Some HIV rashes are mild. Other rashes can cause serious damage to the skin, causing them to be life-threatening. One rare but potentially serious skin rash that can develop through the use of antiretroviral drugs is Stevens-Johnson syndrome SJS.
The symptoms of SJS include:. Advances in viral control and immune system preservation have made skin problems less severe and less common. Skin problems that occur due to HIV have also become easier to treat. The most common form of treatment to manage HIV rash is medication. Depending on the cause of the rash, over-the-counter drugs such as hydrocortisone cream or diphenhydramine Benadryl may be helpful for reducing itchiness and rash size.
More serious rashes may require prescription medication from a healthcare provider.
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