There are two levels of shoulder injury with hyperextension: acute and chronic. When the acute injury first occurs, there is a sudden pain when the tearing happens. For a number of days there is limited movement of the shoulder and severe pain.
The point over the injury is especially tender and if the injury is severe you will not be able to raise your arm to the side. A chronic injury generally develops on the dominant side and develops over time.
This is commonly seen in people over the age of 40 and can be particularly troublesome at night. The pain and limited range of motion gets continuously worse over time until you can no longer raise your arm to the side. Other movements may also be limited.
To diagnose hyperextension of the shoulder, the doctor first takes a medical history, a history of injury and details about the current injury.
A shoulder hyperextension is also known as a shoulder dislocation. When you hyperextend your shoulder, the upper arm bone -- or humerus -- has become dislocated from the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder known as the glenoid. A fall onto an extended arm, trauma such as an auto accident or a direct collision in sports can lead to shoulder hyperextension. This condition is painful and requires immediate medical attention.
Left untreated, shoulder hyperextension can cause permanent damage to the tendons and nerves of your shoulder and upper arm. Check for symptoms. The glenohumeral joint connects the shoulder socket, or glenoid, which extends from the shoulder blade, to the arm bone, or humerus. This often happens when stress is placed on the tissues that stabilize the shoulder—the muscles; the tendons, which anchor muscle to bone; and the ligaments, which connect bones.
The most common shoulder injuries are sprains, strains, and tears. A separated shoulder, or acromioclavicular joint injury, is sometimes referred to as a shoulder sprain. The AC joint is the area where the acromion—the bony projection at the top of the shoulder blade—meets the clavicle, or collarbone. In this injury, the ligaments that support and stabilize the shoulder are stretched or torn, and the bones of the AC joint become dislocated or separated. Common causes of a shoulder sprain include trauma directly to the shoulder—from a car accident, for example—as well as a fall onto an outstretched arm.
Shoulder sprains are separated into grades, depending on the extent of damage to the ligaments and the degree of separation between the clavicle and the acromion.
Mild pain and swelling may interfere with normal daily activities, such as putting on a coat. In a Grade 3 sprain, the AC joint becomes completely separated. Tears in the AC ligament and the nearby coracoclavicular ligaments, which connect the shoulder blade to the clavicle, cause the collarbone to dislocate. This leads to bruising, pain, and swelling that can prevent you from performing your usual activities.
The dislocated collarbone usually appears as a bump on the shoulder. Grades 4, 5, and 6 sprains are more severe and less common. In these injuries, ligaments tear, the AC joint separates, and muscles detach from the collarbone.
A shoulder strain is a stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon in the shoulder. It can happen when the shoulder remains in one position for long periods of time, such as when carrying a heavy backpack over one shoulder or having poor posture while typing.
Other causes of a shoulder sprain or strain include:. Shoulder sprain or strain symptoms depend on the severity of the injury and can range from mild to severe. For a mild to moderate shoulder sprain or strain, you may be able to return to your normal activities within one to two weeks.
Moderate sprains or strains may take as long as six to eight weeks before you can resume day-to-day shoulder activities. Severe strains or sprains may feel better within four to six weeks, but they need three to five months of rehabilitation before resuming full shoulder activity. This is especially important for athletes who participate in contact sports because they have a higher risk of injuring the shoulder again.
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