In he advocated a self-reliant "Great Leap Forward" campaign in rural development. During the early s, Mao continued his restless challenge of what he perceived as new forms of domination in his words, "revisionism," or "capitalist restoration". In foreign policy he led China's divorce from the Soviet Union.
Domestically, he became increasingly wary of his subordinates' approach to development, fearing that it was fostering deep social and political inequalities. When Liu, Deng, and others seemed to be ignoring his call to "never forget class struggle," Mao in initiated the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," exploiting discontent among some students the "Red Guards" and others.
The Cultural Revolution was successful in removing many who opposed his policies but led to serious disorder, forcing Mao to call in the military to restore order in But Mao came to have doubts about Lin and soon challenged him politically.
In Lin was killed in a plane crash while fleeing China after an alleged assassination attempt on Mao. Until his death, a failing Mao refereed a struggle between those who benefited from the Cultural Revolution and defended its policies, and rehabilitated veterans who believed that the Cultural Revolution had done China serious harm.
It seemed for a while that the veterans, led by Deng Xiaoping, had won the day. But the radicals, either by manipulating Mao or by appealing to his basic instincts, regained momentum after Zhou Enlai's death in January Mao chose the more centrist Hua Guofeng to carry on his vision. The post-Mao era has seen a reversal of much that Mao stood for and the eclipse of many individuals, living and dead, that he stood behind.
His leadership, especially the Cultural Revolution initiative, has been hotly debated. In June the Party Central Committee approved a resolution that criticized Mao's rule after , but affirmed his place as a great leader and ideologist of the Chinese Communist revolution.
Leader of the Chinese Revolution Mao Zedong was one of the historic figures of the twentieth century. Discussion Questions How do you think Mao's childhood influenced his later years? What tactics did Mao use that were different from other revolutionaries that helped him win the revolution? Some have said that Mao was a visionary who slowly lost touch with reality as time went on.
Two years later, Mao carried out a study of the impoverished Hunanene peasantry, concluding that the countryside, and not the cities, could launch the Chinese Communist Revolution. The latter was an affort to rapidly modernise and industrialise China, that resulted in a disastrous famine that claimed aproximately 20 million lives between , but did little to harm the authority of Mao.
The Socialist education movement of the early s laid the groundwork for the Cultural Revolution of Under the pretext that certain liberal "bourgeois" elements of society, labeled as class enemies, continue to threaten the socialist framework under the existing dictatorship of the proletariat, the idea that a Cultural Revolution must continue after armed struggle allowed Mao to circumvent the Communist Party hierarchy by giving power directly to the Red Guards, groups of young people, often teenagers, who set up their own tribunals.
Chaos reigned over the country and millions were prosecuted and ultimately killed during a dark period in the country's history. After a series of illnesses, Mao Zedung died in September Mao appeared victorious, but his health was deteriorating. His later years saw attempts to build bridges with the United States, Japan and Europe.
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